Flying-machine.



w. B. MGGARLBY.

FLYING MACHINE.

Y l APPLIOATION FILED NOV. 26, 1913. l L 1,1 ZqlQBg.l "Patented Mar. 30,1915,

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W.,B. MOCARLEY.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED Nov. ze, 191s.

l 1 33,984. Patented "Mar, so, 1915.

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l FLYING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED Nov. 26, 191s.

Patentd Ma1130, 1915.

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FLYING MACHINE.

vMPLICATION FILED Nov. 26, 191s.

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WELMAN B. MCCARLEY, OF COLUMBUS, OHIO.

LYING-MACI-INE.

incassa.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 3Q, 1915.

pplication le'd November 2S, 1813. Serial No. 803,278.

ToaZ whom it may concern Be it. known that I, "WELMAN B. McCan- LY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Columbus, in the county rif-Franklin and State of Ohio. have invented new and useful Improvements in Flying-Machines, of which the following is a specification.-

This invention relates to flying machines, and its object is to provide a machine of the aeroplane type having a novel construction and arrangement of supporting surfaces, propelling, steering and controlling "devices, whereby greater elliciency of operation and control in flight are obtained and a higher degree of safety secured. The invention consists of the features of construction, combination and arrangement 'in the of 'parts hereinafter fully described and claimed, reference being had to the accom panying drawings, in Which1 'Figure 1 is a top plan view, with the upper main supporting plane removed, of a flying machine embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is aside elevation of the same. Fig. 3 is a vertical longitudinal section. Fig. l is a front elevation of the machine. Fig. 5 is a plan vievv of one of the rear revolving lifting and propelling planes. Figs. 6 and 7' `are longitudinal sections thereof. Fig. S is a sectional elevation of va portion of the drive gearing associated therewith. Fig. 9 is a similar vien7 of a portion of the drive gearing associated with one of the forward re volving lifting and propelling planes. Fig. 10 is a detail longitudinal section through one of the. pivoted Wings of the supporting surface and shutter associated therewith. Fig. 11 is a diagrammatic perspective View of 'the revolving planes, propelling and steering gearing. omitting the revolving planes at oneside of the machine.' Fig. 12

is 'a similar view showing the means for.,

adjusting and. controlling one of the pivoted Wings and its shutter.

In thtA practical embodiment of my invention, l ,irovide a suitable car or body and launching and alighting base, which may be vafm of a boat-shaped structure or nacelle provided with suitably cushioned Wheels and adapt-ed to serve as a hydrofoil, if desired. Rising from the said car or body 1 i an upright frame structure 3, composed o'f metallic t'bing or lother suitable frame elements, pro ierly tied together and braced. The severa parts of the upright frame elements of the superstructure may be further braced by stay Wires 4, inthe usual manner. The upright frame structure 3 is provided with head and tail frame extensions .5 and 6 and a main supporting plane or surface '7 which may have any suitable lifting and. sustaining curvature,rand which is coeXtensive in area with the horizontal area of said frame structure. The tail frame 6 carries a vertical rudder 8 and an elevator or horizontal rudder 9, servingA also as a tail piece, which rudders, together with the other, parts of the apparatus, are adapted to be adjusted from a suitable control device Within the car 1, as hereinafter fullyv described.

Arranged at a point centrally of the height of the upright frame 3, and equidistantly between the car l and supporting surface T, are normally horizontal laterally eX- tending wings 10 and 1l corresponding in size and construction. These Wings act as supplementary supporting surfaces and have their inner edges 12 pivoted to swing vertically on axes 13. These wings are also adjustable from the control device as hereinafter clearly explained. i

The aviators seatlLl is suitably mounted Within the car 1, in proximity to which is arranged the control device 15, and arranged inthe car in advance of said seat and control device is a pair of separate and independent driving motors 16 and 17 of corresponding Working power. These motors are placed opposite each other and their shafts are respectively connected by chains 18 and 19 with sprocket Wheels 20 and 21 loosely mounted on a drive shaft or countershaft 22, which sprockets are provided with friction clutch members 23 and 24 adapted for gagementvivith lined clutch members 25 an; 25 keyed to the shaft, through the medium of suitable controlling devices, (not shown), whereby the drive shaft or counter-shaft may be driven from either one or both motors at Will.

The shaft 22 is' journaled in bearings on the fra-me in the plane of the frame eXtensions 5 and 6, and in the upper portion of the frame, and between the horizontal center of said frame and the surface 7, are arranged suitable panels or vertical stability surfaces 26. 0n the head frame extension 5 are provided bearings for a horizontal trans- .verse shaft 27 driven from the shaft 22 sprocket chains 28 and 29." The shaft 27 supports a pair of forward rctatablepropeb posed in diametrically opposite relation.-

The blades or planes are fixed to front and rear shafts 34 which are journaled in .the frame bars 32 and provided at their inner ends with sprocket gears 35 connected .I by chains 3G with sprocket pinions 37, the

pinions 37 associated with each rotatable wing being integral or Joined for conjoint rotation, and the pinion 37 of the respective rotatable wings being fixed to sleeves or hollow shafts 3S and 39 loosely mounted on the shaft 27.

'It will be understood from the foregoing description that in the revolution of' the Adriving shaft 27 both rotary propelling and sustaining wings 30l and 31 will be operated, at the saine rate of speed, and that in the rotation of said wings the blades or planes thereof will have a combined lifting and propelling effect. rlhe blades of eachi-otary wing are set at right angles to each other so that on their downward and forward or propelling motion they will lie horizontally and exert abroadside lifting and propelling thrust, while on the rearward and upward or return motion they will continue to exert la. lifting and propelling thrust and finally move vertically edgewise upward through the air to diminish their resistance. The

said blades 33 are adjustable, simultane ously or independently through the sprocket gearing described, from the sleeves 3 8 and 39, so that their working angles of incidence may be varied to correspondingly vary their lifting and propelling action and to enable the rotary propelling and lifting devices to be 'employed for a variety of lifting, sustaining, steering and balancing actions in an obvious manner. fis shown, the ratio of the gears 37-35 is one to two, and it will be apparent that on each complete revolutionl of each wing, through the shifting of the chains '3G about the sprockets 37, the blades or planes of the wing will feather or make a half revolution on their axes, the, under surface of each blade on one revolution becoming the upper surface of the blade in the rnext revolution, and alternating in this manner in the successive revolutions of the wing.

By turning the sleeves 38 and 39, the blades may set at such angles relative to their orbit of movement that they will exert a continuous lifting force, a continuous forward pull V or a continuous backward pull, and hence by proper adjustmentsof-the blades to different angles any desired lifting, propelling,

stabilizing or controlling action may be ef' fected, while by adjusting the blades of the two rotary propellingand lifting devices to which is stretched a body of screen material,

different relative ang-les the` said propelling and lifting devices may be employed for dif rect lifting and propelling actions, to assist in banking and steering the machine, and t0`A 'enable the machine to be laterally balanced i under abnormal conditions and controlled under all conditions of service to a highly of these revolving wings comprises a pair of frame bars 42 fixed to the shaft 22 and a` pair of blades 43 and. 44 'carried by e'ach set of frame arms, said blades being mounted on diametrically opposite sides-of the shaft 22 on shafts or axes 4 5 jouinaled in the bars 42. lEach blade or plane 43 44 comprisesV an openwork frame 45" over the top of such as woven or strung wires 46, upon which frame are pivotally mounted rows of shutters or valves 47, the shutters of each row being provided with crank arms 48 connected by a link 49 coupled to the frame by a controlling spring 50. The shutters are adapted to be normally held closed up against the body of screen material by the action of the springs, and in the rotation of the plane or blade are adapted to be held by the springs and pressure of the air closed on their working motion to provide a solid surface to act on the airwhile on the return inotion of the blade'or plane the shutters are adapted to open under the pressure of the air from above to diminish theirresistance. The inner ends of the shafts 45 are provided tions, so that the surfaces of the revolving, wings may be set to exert their forces in any desired direction, upward, forward or back-` ward, in the same direction, or to adapt the revolving wings at opposite sides of the inachine to have different actions for y/lifti-ng, steering, banking and controlling effects, whereby Vthe efficiency of operation of the machine and its capability of ready control is further increased. lThe ratio of the gears irisl 51-53 is one to one,'so that theiblades or planes 44 will have,`in the shifting of the sprocketchains 52 in their rotation, broadside upward and downward motions, or

broadside downward and return motions, and edgewise movements between such Ino tions.

In .the practical operation lit will be understood that the front rotary propelling and lifting devices or planes would be so adjusted as to exert principally a propelling torce, in which adjustment their rotary revolutionary motions would send the air Whirling backward and slightly upward against horizontal surfaces of the downwardly moving central rotary Wings, which would be adjusted to chieliy produce a lifting force, thus securing first a propelling orce and second a li'r'ting torce troni the saine air.

The sprocket chains 56 and 57 pass around sprocket wheels 58 tixedfto the sleeves 38 and 39 and double sprocket Wheels 59 liked to the sleeves 5l and 55, whereby each pair of sleeves 3S and 5l or 39 and 55 may be adjusted in unison. As shown in Figs. and 9, the sets oi" sprocket gearingconnecting each sleeve with the axes ot' the associated blades or planes oi' the respective rotary propelling and lifting devices, or rotary `sustaining and lifting wings, are inclosed so as to be protected from dirt, dust and injury, the sprocket wheels beingdisposed in suitable casings UC coupled by right and left hand threaded tubes 6l forming guides for the sprocket chains, the said casings being provided With detachable side plates 62, allowing the sprocket gears to be readily applied and removed and the parts of the gearing to be readily cleaned, assembled and disassembled. The tubes furthermore are adapted to perform the function of turn buckles, whereby any slack in the chains may be conveniently taken up.

it will be understood that by inclosing the controlling sprocket chains 51, 52, etc., in tubes, safety/is secured, as the chains will be prevented `from being throvvn off the sprocket 'wheels by the motion or velocity required.

The Wings 10 and 11 are provided With openings 63 controlled by sliding shutters j (la, and to the inner and outer ends or" the shutter of each wing are respectively attached cords or cables 65 and 66, the cords 65 passing from beneath the shutter upwardly around a pulley 67, then across the top of the shutter and over a pulley 68 and thence downwardly and end to the trarne as at 69, While the cord .or cable 66 is attached at one end to the. outerend of the shutter thence passes upwardly j the Wing. andover a" inwardly .above the shutter, and is ,final y fastened'a oppo- 'site end to the frame,

through an opening in pulley 68, and thence as at 69.v By-jnieans of these-cables, itwill ing-'devices are'-provided'or .slidin'gthe shutter. in opposite directionswhen thawing lis moved downwardly. or upwardly from a fixed at its opposite be evidenttht chift-y normal position, to control the openings 63,

whereby the effective extent of service of thewing is varied as required for balancing actions.y The two Wings are connected for movements in unison by front and rear cables 70 and '71, respectively which pass over suitable sets or guide pulleys 7 2 and 7 3., the arrangement being such that one Wing is permitted to have r'ree doWnWa-rdinovement and the other a corresponding upward movement, and vice versa. y

The controlling device l5 comprises a le ver 74 universally jointed as at 75, to a hori zontaltransverse rock shaft 76,` said lever being movable lin a ore-and-'aft direction with the sha'f and laterally independently or the shaft. Cords or cables?? are connected at their forward ends with the lever abovev and belowV the universal joint, and thence pass over suitable guide pulleys 7 8 and are properly .coupled to the horizontal rudder or elevator 9, whereby said rudder may be adjusted. Similar cords. or cables 79 are connected at one end with the lever and pass over suitable guide pulleys 80 and are @onnected at their outer ends with the outer lateral extremities ot' thev'vings l0 and '11, whereby said Wings may be simultaneously adjusted in different directions, in the adjustinents of which Wings the shutters controlling the openings therein are also adjusted through the shifting connections previously described. lt is, or' course, understood'that the Wingsv l0 and ll are yadjusted through lateral movements of Athe lever 7l', and nthat through the medium of said lever, Which is adjustable with its supporting shaft 76 in a.v ore-and-af't direction, and on the universal joint 75 in a transverse direction, as Well as at dilferent intermediate angles to such planes of motion, a combination ,of movements or' the lever may be obtained for vertical steering and lateral balancing operations.

A hand Wheel 8O is Irevolubly mounted on the leverv 7 4f and provided with a drumtc `which are attached the forwardfends of'a pair of cables 81, which are adapted'to Wind lin opposite directions upon the drum, and

which are attached at their rear ends vto thev vertical-rudder 8;, whereby said rudder `ina-v be adgfusted. lThelever 7l alsosupports 'an auxiliaryl lever- 82' 'having `branching laterally '83 and 84', and suitably 'supported upon the vlever 74 below said Vauxiliary lever are drums 85 Aand 86.' ,The pulleys 59 are"A engagedby [chain sections 87 and 88, and to the ends of thechain sections-87 are-attached izo cordsoi cables 89 and 90, While to theends of' the'chain section S8 are att/ached'cords or vca'bles'l and 92.' The opposite ends o the cabiesfSS and 91: areadapted to Windin the v'same direction upon the pulleywhile the opposite 'ends of ythe cables 90 and 92 are adapted 'towind in the saine direction upon' reo the pulley 8G, from which it will be apparent that when the lever S2 is adjusted in one direction, the pulleys 59 will be moved in a forward direction simultaneously, While when said auxiliary lever is moved inthe opposite direction the pulleys 59 will be moved rearwardly simultaneously. By this ,mean'sniotion may be communicated to the chains 5G and 57 to adjust the rotary lifting and-propelling wings andthe rotary sus- 'ftaining and lifting wings for the purposes -hereinbefore stated, it being understood that when thelever 74 is moved in a fore-'and-aft 'udiiection the lever 8:2 will move with it lWithout drawing on the connections vleading to the-chains S7 and 88', and that when the `'lever 7i is moved transversely the lever 82 chainvconnections 87 and 88. It is apparent,- however, that the system of control may be varied within a province of the invention f to adjust the rotary wings and 31, 40 and' "il in such mamier as to give the wings at opposite sides of the longitudinal center of is left free so as to avoid drawing upon the 'the machine adjusting inclination in opposite directions, while the wings at the same side of the machine are adjusted in the same direction. 'i

lt will of course'be understood that the lever-74 may be, properly weighted to act as y a pendulum lever controlled by the Vforce of gravity, so that an automatic controlling action of thelever may be established.

s 'From the foregoing description, it will be seen that the invention provides a flying machine in which the lifting action of the main plane is supplemented by the lifting and sustaining actions of the rotary wings, and that' therefore great lifting power is secured, and it "will -also'be seen that the adjustment of the iotary:wings allows the machine to be launched-land *caused to ascend or descend substantially in a straight path, as Well as to enable the machine to be controlled at all .times with greater efliciencv to ldirect it in its course ofilight and to maintain longi.

- tudinal stability. -More reliable and efiicient lateral control is also afforded by the construction of the Wings 10 and 1l and their mode of adjustment' and the use of the' shutters cooperating therewith.

lt will of course, be manifest that'the propelling devices may be driven from either one or both motors, thus insuring safety and continuity of flight or the making of safe landings in the event of the derangement of either motor, as the' other motor may be -est maintained in action to give the requisite driving power.

I claim 1. A flying machine including a main frame, a supporting surface carried thereby,

rotary lifting and propelling wings arranged in advance of said supporting surface and on opposite sides of the longitudinal center of the machine, correspondingly arranged rotary lifting and sustaining wings disposed beneath the main plane and in rear of the first-named wings, each of said wings embodyingv blades adjustable' to different :working angles, controllingconnections for adjusting said blades, and drive gearing for simultaneouslyactuating said wings.

2. A iying machine including a main frame, a supporting surface carried' thereby, rotary lifting vand propelling wings arranged in advance of said surface on opposite sides of the longitudinal centerof the machine.l each of said wings ,embodying blades adjustable to different lWorking angles, gearing for ladjusting said blades, correspondingly larranged rotary lifting and sustaining wings arranged beneath the supporting surface in rear of the aforesaid wings, and each of said second-named wings 

